中国组织工程研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 522-530.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.04.006

• 脊柱植入物 spinal implant • 上一篇    下一篇

下颈椎骨折脱位修复方法的选择:植骨融合及颈椎稳定性分析

王建元1,邓 强1,盛伟斌1,陆永江2   

  1. 1新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000;2解放军第474医院骨科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830002
  • 修回日期:2014-11-20 出版日期:2015-01-22 发布日期:2015-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 盛伟斌,博士,教授,新疆医科大学第一附属医院脊柱外科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 作者简介:王建元,男,1979年生,甘肃省武威市人,汉族,2004年石河子大学毕业,主治医师,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。

Restoration of fracture and dislocation of lower cervical spine: bone graft fusion and cervical stability

Wang Jian-yuan1, Deng Qiang1, Sheng Wei-bin1, Lu Yong-jiang2   

  1. 1Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, the 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Revised:2014-11-20 Online:2015-01-22 Published:2015-01-22
  • Contact: Sheng Wei-bin, M.D., Professor, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wang Jian-yuan, Attending physician, Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要:

背景:下颈椎骨折脱位的治疗难点是如何改善患者的神经功能,选择手术入路应既有利于复位及脊髓的减压,又能够保证坚强固定,植骨融合。目前对下颈椎骨折脱位的术式选择仍存在较大分歧。
目的:探讨下颈椎骨折脱位的修复方式选择及其对植骨融合、颈椎稳定性的影响。
方法:收集新疆医科大学第一附属医院2009年1月至2013年9月收治的下颈椎骨折脱位患者126例,按照Frankel分级标准进行分级:A级7例,B级48例,C级54例,D级17例。术前进行下颈椎损伤分类评分,其中4分15例,5分23例,6分25例,7分22例,8分18例,9分16例,10分6例。结合患者受伤机制、形态特点、脊髓受压部位及损伤程度等因素进行分析,选择修复方案,其中前路组91例采用单纯前路手术治疗(单间隙或椎体次全切除减压、椎间植骨钛板内固定);后路组6例行后路减压、复位、内固定;前后联合组29例采用前后联合入路。随访患者神经功能改善情况,通过影像学评价骨折愈合、植骨融合及颈椎稳定性情况。
结果与结论:126例患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经损伤,无气管、食管损伤。4例术中发现硬脊髓破损,术后发生脑脊液漏,经对症处理后愈合。术后佩戴颈托3个月,均获随访,随访时间6-18个月。术后6个月复查,5例A级无恢复,1例B级无恢复,其余患者Frankel分级平均提高1.2级。术后复查X射线片示颈椎序列恢复良好,1例不融合,2例延迟愈合,其余病例植骨均在12个内骨性融合(平均8.5个月),无假关节、骨不连发生,椎体间高度、生理曲度及颈椎稳定性维持良好。提示术前对下颈椎骨折脱位患者进行下颈椎损伤分类评分,结合损伤形态、损伤节段、脊髓受压部位等因素进行综合分析,选择合理的手术入路,可以重建脊柱的稳定性,达到良好的解剖复位,减压彻底,有利于神经功能的恢复。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

关键词: 植入物, 脊柱植入物, 骨折脱位, 下颈椎, 手术入路, 选择, 下颈椎损伤分类评分

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The treatment of lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation is aimed to improve neurological functions of patients, the selection of surgical approach is conductive to the reduction and spinal decompression, also maintain strong fixation and bone graft fusion.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the restoration approach of lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation, and investigate the effect on bone graft fusion and cervical stability.
METHODS: A total of 126 patients with lower cervical spine fracture and dislocation were treated surgically from January 2009 to September 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Based on Frankel system, 7 cases were grade A, 48 were grade B, 54 were grade C, and 17 were grade D before surgery. Based on SLIC system, 15 cases were 4 points, 23 were 5 points, 25 were 6 points, 22 were 7 points, 18 were 8 points, 16 were 9 points, and 6 were    10 points. Surgical approaches were determined based on the SLIC system, with a combination of sub-axial injury classification system, the type of fracture, spinal cord compression, and cervical spine injury degree. Anterior surgery (single gap or cervical corpectomy and fusion, bone graft internal fixation) was performed on 91 cases; Posterior treatment (posterior decompression, reduction and internal fixation) was performed on 6 cases; Combined posterior and anterior approach was performed in 29 cases. The neurological function improvement was evaluated at follow-ups; fracture healing, bone graft fusion and cervical stability were determined with imaging findings.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 126 patients underwent surgery safely without severe complications such as tracheal or esophageal injury. Four patients appeared spinal cord injury and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which were healed after corresponsive intervention. All patients were immobilized in a hard collar for 3 months postoperatively and were followed up for 6-18 moths. At postoperative 6 months, 5 cases of grade A were not recovered, one case of grade  B was not recovered, 1-2 degree of neurological function recovery was achieved in the remaining cases by Frankel system. X-ray finding showed the good recovery of cervical vertebrae sequence after operation. Fusion was achieved in all cases within 12 months (mean 8.5 months) except non-fusion in one case and delayed fusion in two cases. There was no pseudarthrosis or nonunion occurred. The interbody height, physiological curvature and cervical stability maintained well. The SLIC system, with a combination of sub-axial injury classification system, the type of fracture, spinal cord compression, and cervical spine injury degree should be considered before surgery. Reasonable selection of surgical approach can reconstruct spinal stability and achieve anatomical reduction and complete decompression, which is conducive to the recovery of neurological function.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程


全文链接:

Key words: Cervical Vertebrae, Fracture, Dislocation, Internal Fixators, Follow-Up Studies

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